Mail merge is just a variant of R Markdown’s parametrized reports when using komaletter. The process is similar to mail merge in traditional word processing applications:
komaletterTo personalize letters for mass mailings, you can include one or more parameters in a komaletter. These parameters need to be declared and put to use later in the document. You can assign various values to the parameters when you render the report.
Parameters are declared using the params field within the YAML metadata header. You can specify one or more parameters with each item on a new line.
The declared parameters are automatically made available within the knit environment as components of the read-only list params. For example, the values of the above parameters can be accessed with the following R Code:
If the value of a parameter shall be used in the YAML metadata header, the Parameter must be declared previously. Since the backtick ` is a reserved character in YAML, the inline R Code snippet has to be wrapped in quotes.
To set the parameter values, you can add the params argument to rmarkdown::render. If a parameter does not get a value, the default defined during parameter declaration is used (eg. John, candlestick).
komaletterR Markdown and thus komaletter combines R Code, YAML and Markdown. R Markdown documents are processed by knitr to pure YAML and Markdown which in turn is send to pandoc for conversion to the final document type (pdf in this case). A parametrized letter has to obey the restrictions of all parts involved.
The most common personalization are the address of the recipient and the salutation or opening. komaletter expects the address to be a YAML sequence within the YAML metadata header. YAML sequences can be written in flow or block style. Both need quotation marks to protect the square brackets or to enable the escape code \n during parameter declaration in the YAML metadata.
---
params:
# scalar:
name: John Doe
# flow style sequence:
address_flow: "[FirstName LastName, 123 Main St, Anytown]"
# block style sequence:
address_block: "\n - FirstName LastName\n - 123 Main St\n - Anytown"
---Since the address and the letter opening are defined in the YAML metadata. The corresponding parameters must be declared and afterwards put to use within the YAML metadata. Parameter values are accessed in R Code. In the YAML metadata header this means inline code snippets `r expression`. Since backticks ` are ‘reserved indicators’ in YAML, the code snippet usually needs to be wrapped in quotes.
---
params:
name: John Doe
opening: "`r paste0('Dear ', params$name, ',')`"
output: komaletter::komaletter
---The result of the quoted R expression "`r expression`" is a value enclosed in double quotes, i.e. "value", which is not harmful if the result is of R type character corresponding to a YAML scalar. YAML scalars can be enclosed in single or double quotes or not wrapped at all. But everything in quotes is a scalar to YAML.
Consequently this means that expressions that are supposed to supply an address and thus a YAML sequence, must not be enclosed in quotes! Which poses a main problem since we learned above inline code snippets need to be enclosed in quotes in the main YAML metadata header.
Or rather a hack found as bycatch at stackoverflow circumventing the issue at the moment.
As explained above, the address is a YAML sequence and sequences can not be enclosed in quotes. To access the parameter in the main YAML metadata header the inline R Code snippet has to be wrapped in quotes and R expressions wrapped in quotes evaluate to a value enclosed in quotes.
Mysteriously, the rule that backticks must be enclosed in quotes is not enforced in a second YAML metadata block. You can use two metadata blocks because Pandoc combines YAML metadata blocks while converting the .md file to the final document. So in a second metadata block the inline R Code snippet can be written without quotes resulting in a correctly formatted YAML sequence.
---
author: Max Mustermann
return-address: [Musterstr. 12, 34567 Musterstadt]
params:
name: John
address: "[John Doe, 123 Main St, Anytown]"
gift: candlestick
output: komaletter::komaletter
---
---
address: `r params$address`
opening: `r paste0('Dear ', params$name, ',')`
closing: "Yours truly,"
---
thank you very much for the beautiful `r params$gift`. It was a pleasure to have you.The template letter above can then be called with various values
recipients <- data.frame(name=c("Megan", "Bob"),
gift=c("candlestick", "flowers"),
address=c("[Megan Smith, 4156 Tincidunt Ave, Green Bay Indiana 19759]",
"[Robert Pitts, 5543 Aliquet St, Fort Dodge GA 20783]"),
stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
for(i in 1:nrow(recipients)){
rmarkdown::render("template_letter.Rmd",
params=list(name=recipients[i, "name"],
gift=recipients[i, "gift"],
address=recipients[i, "address"]),
output_file=paste0("letter_", recipients[i, 'name'], ".pdf"))
}Since parameters are evaluated roughly speaking during document knitting (conversion from .Rmd to .md), it is helpful to look at the intermediate .md files to hunt down issues in parameterized letters.
komaletter is based on the R Markdown output format pdf_document which in contrast to other formats (html_document, word_document, odt_document) has no argument to keep the intermediate .md files created by knitr.
But rmarkdown::render(..., clean=FALSE) causes the intermediate .md files to remain available.