Some times you have tests that you don’t want to run in certain circumstances. This vignette describes how to skip tests to avoid execution in undesired environments. Skipping is a relatively advanced topic because in most cases you want all your tests to run everywhere. The most common exceptions are:
You’re testing a web service that occasionally fails, and you don’t want to run the tests on CRAN. Or maybe the API requires authentication, and you can only run the tests when you’ve securely distributed some secrets.
You’re relying on features that not all operating systems possess, and want to make sure your code doesn’t run on a platform where it doesn’t work. This platform tends to be Windows, since amongst other things, it lacks full utf8 support.
You’re writing your tests for multiple versions of R or multiple versions of a dependency and you want to skip when a feature isn’t available. You generally don’t need to skip tests if a suggested package is not installed. This is only needed in exceptional circumstances, e.g. when a package is not available on some operating system.
library(testthat)testthat comes with a variety of helpers for the most common situations:
skip_on_cran() skips tests on CRAN. This is useful
for slow tests and tests that occasionally fail for reasons outside of
your control.
skip_on_os() allows you to skip tests on a specific
operating system. Generally, you should strive to avoid this as much as
possible (so your code works the same on all platforms), but sometimes
it’s just not possible.
skip_on_ci() skips tests on most continuous
integration platforms (e.g. GitHub Actions, Travis, Appveyor).
You can also easily implement your own using either
skip_if() or skip_if_not(), which both take an
expression that should yield a single TRUE or
FALSE.
All reporters show which tests as skipped. As of testthat 3.0.0,
ProgressReporter (used interactively) and CheckReporter (used inside of
R CMD check) also display a summary of skips across all
tests. It looks something like this:
── Skipped tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
● No token (3)
● On CRAN (1)You should keep an on eye this when developing interactively to make sure that you’re not accidentally skipping the wrong things.
If you find yourself using the same
skip_if()/skip_if_not() expression across
multiple tests, it’s a good idea to create a helper function. This
function should start with skip_ and live somewhere in your
R/ directory.
skip_if_Tuesday <- function() {
if (as.POSIXlt(Sys.Date())$wday != 2) {
return(invisible(TRUE))
}
skip("Not run on Tuesday")
}It’s important to test your skip helpers because it’s easy to miss if you’re skipping more often than desired, and the test code is never run. This is unlikely to happen locally (since you’ll see the skipped tests in the summary), but is quite possible in continuous integration.
For that reason, it’s a good idea to add a test that you skip is
activated when you expect. skips are a special type of condition, so you
can test for their presence/absence with
expect_condition(). For example, imagine that you’ve
defined a custom skipper that skips tests whenever an environment
variable DANGER is set:
skip_if_dangerous <- function() {
if (identical(Sys.getenv("DANGER"), "")) {
return(invisible(TRUE))
}
skip("Not run in dangerous enviromnents")
}Then you can use expect_condition() to test that it
skips tests when it should, and doesn’t skip when it shouldn’t:
test_that("skip_if_dangerous work", {
# Test that a skip happens
withr::local_envvar(DANGER = "yes")
expect_condition(skip_if_dangerous(), class = "skip")
# Test that a skip doesn't happen
withr::local_envvar(DANGER = "")
expect_condition(skip_if_dangerous(), NA, class = "skip")
})
#> Test passed 🥇Testing skip_if_Tuesday() is harder because there’s no
way to control the skipping from the outside. That means you’d need to
“mock” its behaviour in a test, using the mockery or mockr packages.